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ABOUT hYDROCODONE
"Your Partner in Pain Management"
Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic opioid medication that is classified as a schedule II drug. This medication is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used for pain management. Hydrocodone is primarily used to treat severe chronic pain that requires opioid analgesia and is not effectively treated by nonopioid alternatives. Hydrocodone is used in combination formulations to treat nonproductive cough in adults and has antitussive properties. Hydrocodone functions as an opioid receptor agonist and activates mu-opioid receptors to produce analgesic effects. In addition, hydrocodone activates delta- and kappa-opioid receptors as the plasma drug concentration increases beyond the starting doses.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness: Feeling unusually sleepy or tired.
- Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or faint.
- Nausea and Vomiting: An upset stomach or the urge to vomit.
- Constipation: Difficulty having regular bowel movements.
- Headache: Persistent pain in the head.
- Dry Mouth: A lack of saliva causing a dry sensation in the mouth.
Serious Side Effects
- Respiratory Depression: Slow, shallow, or difficult breathing.
- Severe Hypotension: Extremely low blood pressure.
- Adrenal Insufficiency: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, dizziness.
- Seizures: Uncontrolled shaking or convulsions.
- Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, difficulty breathing.
Precautions
Before Taking Hydrocodone
- Medical History: Inform your doctor of any history of brain disorders, breathing problems, kidney disease, liver disease, mental/mood disorders, or a history of substance use disorder.
- Allergies: Inform your doctor if you are allergic to hydrocodone or any other medications.
- Pregnancy: Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed; it may harm an unborn baby.
- Breastfeeding: Hydrocodone passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.
- Interactions: Discuss any other medications or supplements you are taking to avoid dangerous interactions.
While Taking Hydrocodone
- Alcohol: Avoid alcoholic beverages as they can increase the risk of serious side effects.
- Driving and Machinery: Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely.
- Dependence and Addiction: Use only as prescribed to minimize the risk of addiction.
Dosage
- Adults: The dosage of hydrocodone varies depending on the specific product, the severity of the pain, and the patient's response to the medication. Commonly, it is prescribed in combination with acetaminophen (e.g., 5 mg hydrocodone/325 mg acetaminophen), taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
- Maximum Dosage: The total daily dosage should not exceed the prescribed amount due to the risk of liver damage from acetaminophen and the risk of severe side effects from hydrocodone.
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